保留盈餘 (Retained Earnings)

Retained earnings refer to the percentage of net earnings not paid out as dividends, but retained by the company to be reinvested in its core business, or to pay debt. It is recorded under shareholders' equity on the balance sheet.

擠出效應 (Crowding Out Effect)

擠出效應是指增加政府投資對私人投資產生的擠占效應，從而導致增加政府投資所增加的國民收入可能因為私人投資減少而被全部或部分地抵消。

資本利得(Capital Gain)

What is 'Capital Gain'

Capital gain is an increase in the value of a capital asset (investment or real estate) that gives it a higher worth than the purchase price. The gain is not realized until the asset is sold. A capital gain may be short term (one year or less) or long term (more than one year) and must be claimed on income taxes. A capital loss is incurred when there is a decrease in the capital asset value compared to an asset's purchase price.

2. Profit that results when the price of a security held by a mutual fund rises above its purchase price and the security is sold (realized gain). If the security continues to be held, the gain is unrealized. A capital loss would occur when the opposite takes place.

非美國公民也非綠卡持有人(non-resident alien)的投資稅務

The tax implications for a foreign investor will depend on whether that person is classified as a resident alien or a non-resident alien. To be considered a non-resident alien, a person must meet several guidelines. First of all, the person cannot have had a green card at any time during the relevant tax reporting period (e.g 2005) and cannot have resided in the U.S. for more than 183 days in the past three years, including the current reporting period. However, non-U.S. citizens who hold green cards and have been in the U.S. for more than 183 days are classified as resident aliens for tax purposes and are subject to different guidelines than non-resident aliens.

ETF 代號與其追蹤指數組成

挑選時要注意資產不要過度集中單一股票或市場,資產總額有不要太低,會有資金不足的風險

Vanguard(先鋒)

Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF (VTI): 追蹤 CRSP US Total Market Index. (mega, large, small and micro capitalizations, representing nearly 100% of the U.S. investable equity market) , 簡單說就是投資全美股市,前十大持股佔資產比例 15.4%

Vanguard FTSE Europe ETF (VGK):   追蹤FTSE Developed Europe All Cap Index, (Holds stocks of companies located in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,  the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.), 投資歐洲主要國家各大市值的股票,最大持股是雀巢,前十大持股佔資產比例18.2%

Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF (VWO): 追蹤FTSE Emerging Markets All Cap China A Transition Index (Invests in stocks of companies located in emerging markets around the world, such as China, Brazil, Taiwan, and South Africa),投資發展中國家各大市值的股票約4000支,坐大持股是台積電,前十大持股佔資產比例16.8%

Vanguard FTSE Pacific ETF (VPL): 追蹤 FTSE Developed Asia Pacific All Cap Index,投資日本,澳洲,南韓,香港,新加坡等,太平洋已開發國家股票兩千多支,最大持股是Samsung,前十大持股佔資產比例14%

Vanguard Total International Stock ETF (VXUS): 追蹤FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index,投資除了美國以外的全球股票六千支,最大投資國家為日本與英國,最大持股為雀巢,前十大持股佔資產比例為8.3%

	44.00%	Europe
	29.80%	Pacific
	0.50%	Middle East
	7.00%	North America

Fidelity